Basic Law of the State Regional Settings in the Sea
1. Law No. 17 1985 on Ratification of UNCLOS 1982On December 31, 1985 the government passed Law No. 17 of 1985 on Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. According to UNCLOS, Indonesia has the right to define the outer limits of various maritime zones with limits The maximum limit is specified as follows:• Territorial Sea as part of the territory of the country: 12-mile-sea;• Additional zone where the state has special jurisdiction: a 24-mile-sea;• Exclusive Economic Zone: 200 miles-marine, and• Continental Shelf: between 200-350 mil-sea or up to 100 miles from the sea-isobath (depth) of 2,500 meters.On the EEZ and Continental Shelf, Indonesia has sovereign rights to exploit its natural resources. In addition, as an archipelago Indonesia also has the right to establish:• Islands waters on the inner side of the archipelagic baselines,• Inland waters in its archipelagic waters.Various maritime zones shall be measured from the baselines or the bottom lines will be the reference in border demarcation.
2. Law No. 6 of 1996 on Indonesian WatersOn August 8, 1996, the Government enacted Law No. 6 of 1996 concerning Indonesian Waters, which further attests to the outer limits of the (outer limit) the sovereignty and jurisdiction of Indonesia in the sea, also provide a basis for the determination of the boundary line (boundary) with the neighboring countries bordering both the countries shores dealing or adjacent to Indonesia.Basically, this Act contains basic provisions concerning the rights and obligations of the state of the sea that are tailored to the legal status of the various maritime zones, as stipulated dalarn UNCLOS. Indonesian territorial sea boundaries still adheres to the maximum limit of 12 nautical miles, and baselines are used as the starting point of measurement do not differ from those in the Act No. 4 / Prp. 1960 were adjusted to the new provisions as provided for in UNCLOS.
3. Government Regulation, No. 61 of 1998 on List Baselines of Indonesia around the Natuna Islands, replaced by Government Regulation No. 38 of 2002 on List Baselines of IndonesiaTo comply with the provisions of Article 6 paragraph (2) and (3) of Law No. 6 of 1996 on Indonesian Waters determines that the coordinates list must be deposited at the General Secretariat of the United Nations, Law No. 6 1996 is then fitted with Government Regulation No. 61 of 1998 on List Baselines of Indonesia around the Natuna islands, which subsequently repealed and replaced by Government Regulation No. 38 of 2002 on List Baselines of Indonesia, by attaching a list of geographical coordinates of points Indonesian archipelagic baselines. List these coordinates are not included as a provision in the body of this Government Regulation in order to make changes or updates (updating) data can be performed with no need to change the provisions in the body of this Government Regulation. The annexes are an integral part of this Government Regulation.There are also some Act issued before Indonesia ratified UNCLOS in 1985 that has not changed, namely.
4. Law No. 1 of 1973 on Indonesian Continental ShelfThis Act made under the provisions of the Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf of 1958 which embraces the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf is different with UNCLOS. Thus there should be amendments to this Act by adjusting accordingly the provisions concerning the outer limits of the continental shelf.
5. Law No. 5 of 1983 on the Indonesian Exclusive Economic ZoneAccording to this Law on the Exclusive Economic Zone, Indonesia has sovereign rights to explore and exploit the natural resources in compliance with the provisions on the management and conservation. The outer limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia set-sea as far as 200 miles.Until now Indonesia has not announced additional zones or have legislation governing the establishment of the outer limits, as well as on the determination of the boundary line on the additional zones overlapping or contiguous zone bordering other countries. National Law Development Agency of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights had done the assessment and produce an academic text and the Bill on Supplementary Zone, but until now has not yet become law.According to the provisions of Article 47, paragraphs 8 and 9 of UNCLOS, the baselines are established in accordance with the provisions must be included in the map or maps with a scale or scales adequate for ascertaining their position. Instead can be made lists of geographical coordinates of points which clearly specify the geodetic datum
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