Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata

• Definition

Echinoderms (in Greek language, echino = hedgehog, derma = skin) is a group of animals that have triopoblastik selomata characteristic of their order in (endoskeleton) spiked through the skin. 

• Feature body

Echinodermata body characteristics include size, shape, structure, and function of the body

• The size and shape of the body

Echinodermata body shape is nothing like a star, round, flat, elongated round, and as tumbuhan.Tubuh consists of the oral (which has a mouth) and Aboral (which does not have a mouth).

• The structure and function of the body

Echinodermata generally prickly surface, be it a short blunt or pointy panjang.Duri stems on a plate of calcium carbonate called testa.Sistem water channel in the body cavity called ambulakral.Ambulakral serves to regulate the movement of parts sticking out of the body, the foot or leg tube ambulakral ambulakral.Kaki ambulakral have isap.sistem digestive apparatus consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, d an anus.Sistem excretion gas ada.Pertukaran not occur through the small gills which is lengthening the circulation undeveloped kulit.Sistem baik.Echinodermata perform respiration and feeding on nerve selom.Sistem Echinodermata consists of a ring of nerve centers and branches do not have otak.Untuk reproduction saraf.Echinodermata Echinodermata there are hermaphrodites and dioseus.

• The way of life and habitat

Echinoderms bebas.Makanannya a living animal is shellfish, plankton, and other organisms at the base mati.Habitatnya sea, in coastal areas to the deep sea. 

• Reproduction

Echinoderms are dioseus bersaluran sederhana.Fertilisasi reproduction takes place in eksternal.Zigot develop into larvae are bilaterally symmetrical bersilia.Hewan can also regenerate.

• Classification

Echinoderms are grouped into five classes, namely Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinoidea.

1. Asteroidea

Asteroidea Echinodermata species which are most numerous, which is about 1,600 spesies.Asteroidea also often called star laut.Contoh this species is Acanthaster sp., Linckia sp., And Pentaceros sp.Tubuh Asteroidea have blunt spines and the last modified pendek.Duri into a shape like pincers called Pediselaria.Fungsi pediselaria is to capture food as well as protecting the body surface of kotoran.Pada parts of the body with the mouth called oral part, while the body of the anus is called aboral.Pada these animals, in addition to moving the foot ambulakral also suckers so it can be attached firmly to a base.Asteroidea ambulakral system consists of:- Medreporit is a porous plate on the dorsal surface of the disc central part of the body.- Channels ring found in the body cavity of the central disc- The channel is a branch of the radial ring channel to each arm- Walking ambulakral is overhung radial exit channel.Asteroidea members have the ability to regenerate very besar.Setiap the sleeves can regenerate and central parts of the damaged disc may diganti.Asteroidea an animal dioseus, genital organs in pairs on each arm, and fertilization occurs outside the body.  

2. Ophiuroidea

 Ophiuroidea consists of 2,000 species, for example, is the star of the snake (Ophiothrix) .Ophiuroidea (in greek, ophio = snake) shaped like Asteroidea, but his arm more slender and fleksibel.Cakram its small and flat with the surface of the aboral (dorsal) is smooth or barbed tumpul.Ophiuroidea not have pediselaria.Cakram center bordered by arms.These animals were also able to regenerate.

3. Echinoidea

Echinoidea spherical or flat, without lengan.Echinoidea spherical eg sea urchins (diadema saxatile) and sea urchin (Arabcia punctulata) .Permukaan body of these animals have the barbed panjang.Echinoidea typical digestive apparatus, namely cache complex called lantern aristoteles.Fungsi of the cache is to grind food in the form of algae or remnants organisme.Echinoidea bodied flattened eg sand dollars (Echinarachnius parma) .Permukaan oral side of her flat, while somewhat cembung.Tubuhnya aboralnya side covered with fine spines and rapat.Durinya serves to move, explore and protect the surface of the body of kotoran.Kaki ambulakral only in oral side that serves weeks to transport the food.

4. Holothuroidea

Holothuroidea known as sea cucumber or animal teripang.Contoh are Cucumaria sp., Holothuria sp., And Bohadschia argus.Hewan is not chintz and anus are on opposite poles of tubuhnya.Daerah ambulakral and inter-ambulakral arranged in intermittent -seling along tubuhnya.Alur ambulakral closed, madreporit contained in the cavity tubuhnya.Sebagian ambulakral feet modified into tentacles oral.Sistem respirasinya called respiration of trees, because the system consists of two main channels that branched off on the cavity tubuhnya.Keluar and water ingress through the anus.

5. Crinoidea

These animals shaped like tumbuhan.Crinoidea composed of groups whose bodies stemmed and not bertangkai.Kelompok which stemmed known as sea lilies, while sessile known as sea lilies berbulu.Contoh starfish is Metacrinus rotundus and to starfish and hairy is Oxycomanthus benneffit Ptilometra sea australis.Lili settle at depths of 100 m or lebih.Sedangkan hairy living in tidal areas until the group has a sea dalam.Kedua oral overlooking atas.Lengannya the numerous mkengelilingi part Calix (basic body) .At there Calix mouth and arms anus.Jumlah multiples of five and contain small branches called pinula.Sistem ambulakral not have madreporit and ampula.Crinoidea eater is a liquid, such as zooplankton or food particles.H. Role for Human EchinodermataEchinoderms used by humans as follows.- Makanan.Misalnya sea urchin eggs are widely consumed in Japan and sea cucumber chips are sold in Sidoarjo. East Java.- Material research on fertilization and development awal.Para biological scientists often use traditional sea urchin gametes and embryos.However, the sea star is often considered to be detrimental to the farmers oyster pearl and sea shells as a predator animals such cultivation.